Kumanoa americana (Sheath, M.L. Vis & Cole) M.L. Vis, Necchi, W.B. Chiasson & Entwisle  

"Plants moderately mucilaginous, rigid; branching pseudodichotomous and abundant; apices straight, apical cells embedded within the fascicles; 2.0-6.0 cm high, 190-450 µm in diameter. Whorls well developed, usually distinct and separated, obconical or barrel-shaped, compressed and indistinct in older parts. Internode 150-350 µm long. Pericentral cells spherical with 1-2 primary fascicles; rhizoidal filaments well developed, forming 1-2 layers of cylindrical cells. Primary fascicles audouinelloid, curved, 10-16 cell-storeys, proximal cells cylindrical, L/D 2.5-5.0; distal cells cylyndrical or barrel-shaped, L/D 1.5-3.0; branching unilateral or alternate. Secondary fascicles abundant, curved, covering the entire internode and as long as primary fascicles.

Monoecious. Spermatangia spherical or obovoid, terminal or sub-terminal on primary or secondary fascicles, 5.0-7.5 µm in diameter. Carpogonial branches helically twisted, arising from pericentral cells, composed of 5-9 disc- or barrel-shaped cells; involucral filaments short, 1-3 cell-storeys; carpogonia 19.0-35.0(-38.0) µm long; trichogynes cylindrical or club-shaped, stalked or unstalked, 5.5-10.5 µm in diameter. Carposporophytes1-2 per whorl, dense, semi-spherical, lower than the whorl radius, 90-240 µm in diameter, 55-130 µm high; gonimoblast filaments 3-6 cell-storeys; cells cylindrical; carposporangia obovoid, 12.0-15.0 µm long, 5.5-11.0 µm in diameter."

Necchi, O. Jr. & Vis, M.L. 2012. Monograph of the genus Kumanoa (Rhodophyta, Batrachospermales). Bibliotheca Phycologica 116. J. Cramer. Pp. 78. ISBN 978-3-443-60043-3.

Kumanoa, S. (2002). Freshwater red algae of the world. Biopress, Ltd. 375 pp.